Public Address Amplifiers
| Product Code (ASICC) | 78202 |
| Quality and Standards | IS 10426 :1983 |
| Production Capacity | Qty. : 14400 Nos. (per annum) Value : Rs. 3,35,01,000. |
| Uploaded on | March 2007 |
Introduction
Public Address Amplifiers, popularly known as sound systems, find extensive application at public meetings, social functions, religious places, schools and colleges, hotels, elections auditoria, etc. In this area considerable expertise has been built up in the country, particularly in the small scale sector. The item is reserved for manufacture in the small scale sector.
Market Potential
The total electronics production during 2001-02 is Rs. 12,700 crores compared to Rs. 7600 crores in 1996-97. Consumer electronics sector is the back bone of the electronics industry and contributes to onethird of the total electronics production.
With the indigenous availability of electronic components, the price of P.A. amplifiers has come down considerably. The demand of this item has been growing in line with the consumer electronics growth. It is felt that there will be substantial growth for this product in the years to come. There is also a great export potential for this product.
Basis and Presumptions
- The basis for calculation of production capacity has been taken on two shift basis per day on 75% efficiency.
- The maximum capacity utilization on single shift basis for 300 days a year. During first year and second year of operations the capacity utilization is 60% and 80% respectively. The unit is expected to achieve full capacity utilization from the third year
onwards. - The salaries and wages, cost of raw materials, utilities, rents, etc. are base on the prevailing rates in and around Jaipur. These cost factors are likely to vary with time and location.
- Interest on term loan and working capital loan has been taken at the rate of 16% on an average. This rate may vary depending upon the policy of the financial institutions/agencies from time to time.
- The cost of machinery and equipments refer to a particular make/model and prices are approximate.
- The break-even point percentage indicated is of full capacity utilization.
- The project preparation cost etc. whenever required could be considered under pre-operative expenses.
- The essential production machinery and test equipment required for the project have been indicated. The unit may also utilize common test facilities available at Electronics Test and Development Centres (ETDCs) and Electronic Regional Test Laboratories (ERTLs) set up by the State Governments and STQC Directorate of the Department of Information Technology, Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, to manufacture products conforming to Bureau of Indian Standards.
Implementation Schedule
The major activities in the implementation of the project has been listed and the average time for implementation of the project is estimated at 12 months
Name of Activity |
Period in Months (Estimated) |
| Preparation of project report | 1 |
| Registration and other formalities | 1 |
| Sanction of loan by financial institutions | 3 |
| Plant and Machinery | |
| (i) Placement of orders | 1 |
| (ii) Procurement | 2 |
| (iii) Power connection/ Electrification | 2 |
| (iv) Installation/Erection of machinery/Test Equipment | 2 |
| Procurement of Raw materials | 2 |
| Recruitment of Technical Personnel etc. | 2 |
| Trial Production | 11 |
| Commercial Production | 12 |
Notes
- Many of the above activities shall be initiated concurrently.
- Procurement of raw materials commences from the 8th month onwards.
- When imported plant and machinery are required the implementation period of project may vary from 12 months to 15 months.
Technical Aspects
Process of Manufacture
Electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors etc., are mounted on PCB cards. Each card is tested for gain, distortion, frequency response etc. All these cards are mounted in the chassis along with pre-tested transformer and power supply cards. The interconnections between the PCB's and for the front/back panel are done. The final assembly is again tested for output power, distortion, frequency response, impedance and noise level etc. The chassis is placed in a cabinet and is finally tested for the acoustical performance.
Quality Control and Standards
| IS Specification | IS 10426 :1983 |
| Power rating | 30/50 Watts. |
| Outputs | Loud speakers of 4, 8 and 16 Ohms: 70V, 100V, via transformer free from earth. |
| Input | Microphone : 4 inputs: 1.5mV/4.7 K ohms |
Signal Processing
| Distortion | Less than 10% at rated output Signal/Noise ratio at 1 KHz: 60 dB. |
| Frequency response | 60 Hz to 15 KHz ± 3dB |
| Tone control Bass control | ± 60dB at 100 KHz |
| Treble control | 6dB at 10 KHz± |
| Power Supply | 230 V, 50 Hz AC |
Production Capacity ( per annum)
| Quantity | Value (Rs.) |
| 14,400 | 3,35,01,000 |
| Motive Power | 5 KVA |
Pollution Control
The Govt. accords utmost importance to control environmental pollution. The small-scale entrepreneurs should have an environmental friendly attitude and adopt pollution control measures by process modification and technology substitution.
India having acceded to the Montreal Protocol in Sept. 1992, the production and use of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) like Chlorofluoro Carbon (CFC), Carbon Tetrachloride, Halons and Methyl Chloroform etc. need to be phased out immediately with alternative chemicals/solvents. A notification for detailed Rules to regulate ODS phase out under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 have been put in place with effect from 19th July 2000.
The following steps are suggested which may help to control pollution in electronics industry wherever applicable
- In electronic industry fumes and gases are released during hand soldering/wave soldering/Dip soldering, which are harmful to people as well as environment and the end products. Alternate technologies may be used to phase out the existing polluting technologies. Numerous new fluxes have been developed containing 2-10% solids as opposed to the traditional 15-35% solids.
- Electronic industry uses CFC, Carbon Tetrachloride and Methyl Chloroform for cleaning of printed circuit boards after assembly to remove flux residues left after soldering, and various kinds of foams for packaging.
Many alternative solvents could replace CFC-113 and Methyl Chloroform in electronics cleaning. Other Chlorinated solvents such as Trichloroethylene, Perchloroethylene and Methylene Chloride have been used as effective cleaners in electronics industry for many years. Other organic solvents such as Ketones and Alcohols are effective in removing both solder fluxes and many polar contaminants.
Energy Conservation
With the growing energy needs and shortage coupled with rising energy cost, a greater thrust in energy efficiency in industrial sector has been given by the Govt. of India since 1980s. The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 has been enacted on 18th August'2001, which provides for efficient use of energy, its conservation and capacity building of Bureau of Energy Efficiency created under the Act.
The following steps may help forconservation of electrical energy
- Adoption of energy conserving technologies, production aids and testing facilities.
- Efficient management of process/ manufacturing machineries and systems, QC and testing equipments for yielding maximum Energy Conservation.
- Optimum use of electrical energy for heating during soldering process can be obtained by using efficient temperature controlled soldering and desoldering stations.
- Periodical maintenance of motors, compressors etc.
- Use of power factor correction capacitors. Proper selection and layout of lighting system; timely switching on-off of the lights; use of compact fluorescent lamps wherever possible etc.
Financial Aspects
Fixed Capital
| Land and Building | |
| Land: 500 Sq. Mtr @ Rs. 3500 /sq. Mtr Value | Rs. 17,50,000 |
Civil Construction; Boundary wall and gates, Office, Stores, security room, workers room, working shed , bore well for water, raw water and finished product storage. 400 Sq. Mtr. @ Rs. 7000/ sq. Mtr Rs. 28,00,000 Civil construction cost |
Rs. 4,00,000 30,00,000 |
| Total land & building cost (a) + (b) | Rs. 50,50,000 |
Machinery and Testing Equipments
Description |
Ind./ Imp. |
Qty. |
Total (Rs.) |
| Drilling Machine (1/2²) | Ind. | 1 | 15,000 |
| Bench Grinder | Ind. | 1 | 15,000 |
| Oscilloscope (20 MHz Dual Trace) | Ind. | 1 | 50,000 |
| Allied equipments like Microphones, sound columns | Ind. | 2 each | 20,000 |
| DC Regulated power supply (30 V, 2A) | Ind. | 2 | 25,000 |
| 3½ Digit Digital multimeter and analog multimeter | Ind. | 2 | 25,000 |
| Bore well and water in the complex | 3,00,000 | ||
| Audio Test System (Consisting of distortion factor meter, signal generator, level meter and output power meter) | Ind. | 2 sets | 1,00,000 |
| Digital LCR/Q Meter | Ind. | 1 | 50,000 |
| Insulation Tester (500 V) | Ind. | 1 | 20,000 |
| Total | 6,20,000 | ||
| Electrification and Installation charges @ 40% of the cost of machinery and equipment as required | 2,48,000 | ||
| Cost of office equipment working tables, computers, telephones etc. | 5,00,000 | ||
| Cost of moulds/ fixtures/tools and jigs | 1,00,000 | ||
| Total Plant and m/c cost | 14,68,000 | ||
| Pre operative expenses | 2,00,000 |
| Total Fixed Cost (i) + (ii) + (iii) Rs. 50,50,000 + 14,68,000 + 2,00,000 | 67,18,000 |
B. Working Capital (per month)
(i) Staff and Labour
Designation |
No. of persons |
Salary (Rs.) |
Total (Rs.) |
| Manager | 1 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| Commercial staff of purchase, sales and accounts | 8 | 50,000 | |
| Peon and chowkidars | 4 | 3,000 | 12,000 |
| Supervisor | 3 | 6,000 | 18,000 |
| Skilled Worker | 10 | 5,000 | 50,000 |
| Semi-Skilled Worker | 12 | 4,000 | 48,000 |
| Unskilled Worker | 5 | 3,000 | 15,000 |
| Total | 2,18,000 | ||
| Perquisites @ 22% of Salaries | 48,000 | ||
| Total | 2,66,000 | ||
(ii) Raw Material Requirement (per month)
Description |
Qty. |
Value (Rs.) |
| Transformers (set of 3) Mains/ Output/Driver | 1 set | 600 |
| Transistors (set of 15) (Power/ Low frequency) | 1 set | 150 |
| Capacitors (a set of 25) (Electrolytic, Ceramic Polyester) | 1 set | 95 |
| Printed Circuit Board (a set of 2) | 1 set | 75 |
| Diodes (a set of 10) | 1 set | 24 |
| Switch (DPDT) | 1 set | 25 |
| Connectors ¾ Nos. set | 1 set | 80 |
| Terminals strip (2/4 way) | 1 set | 14 |
| Slide Switch ( 3 way) | 1 set | 14 |
| Resistors (a set of 50 Nos.) | 1 set | 20 |
| Volume control (a set of 5 Nos.) | 1 set | 80 |
| Mains Lead | 1 No. | 30 |
| Chassis with plastic parts/hardware and front anodized aluminium plate | 1 No. | 250 |
| Package etc. | 1 No. | 55 |
| Total | 1512 | |
| Total Value of Raw Materials Required (per month) =1200 x 1512 | Rs. 18,14,000 | |
(iii) Utilities (per month)
| (Rs.) | |
| Power | 8,000 |
| Water | 2,000 |
| Total | 10,000 |
(iv) Other Contingent Expenses (per month)
(Rs.) |
|
| Postage and Stationery | 5000 |
| Telephone and communications | 15,000 |
| Consumable stores | 15,000 |
| Repairs and Maintenance | 5,000 |
| Transport charges | 20,000 |
| Advertisement, publicity expenses | 15,000 |
| Insurance | 4,000 |
| Sales expenses | 50,000 |
| Misc. expenses | 10,000 |
| Total | 1,39,000 |
Total Recurring Expenditure/month (i + ii + iii + iv ) = Rs. 2,66,000 + Rs. 18,14,000 + Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,39,000 |
= Rs.22,29,000 |
C. Total Capital Investment
| Fixed capital | Rs. 67,18,000 |
| Working capital for 3 months | Rs. 66,87,000 |
| Total | Rs. 1,34,05,000 |
Financial Analysis
Cost of Production (per annum) |
(Rs.) |
| Total recurring expenditure | 2,67,48,000 |
| Depreciation on machinery and equipment @ 10% | 10,000 |
| Depreciation on civil constn. @ 5% | 14,000 |
| Depreciation on office equipments & tools and fixtures 20% | 1,20,000 |
| Interest on total investment @ 12% | 16,09,000 |
| Total | 2,85,01,000 |
Turnover (per annum)
| Item | Qty.(Nos.) | Rate/Unit (Rs.) | Total Sales (Rs.) |
| Public Address Amplifier | 14,400 | 2188 | 3,35,01,000 |
Net Profit/year (Before Tax) |
(Rs.) |
| Rs. 3,35,01,000 – Rs. 2,85,01,000 |
Net Profit Ratio
Net Profit per year x 100 Turnover per year |
|
| 50,00,000 x 100 | |
| 3,15,01,000 | |
| 15.87% |
Rate of Return
Net Profit per year x 100 Total Investment |
|
| 50,00,000 x 100 | |
| 2,85,01,000 | |
| 17.54% |
Break-even Point
Fixed Cost (per annum) |
(Rs.) |
| Depreciation on machinery and equipment (Tools, fixtures and office equipment) | 1,44,000 |
| Interest on total investment | 16,09,000 |
| 40% of Salary and wages | 12,77,000 |
| 40% of other contingent expenses and utilities | 6,67,000 |
| Total | 36,97,000 |
| B.E.P | Fixed Cost × 100 ---------------------------- Fixed Cost + Net Profit |
| 36,97,000 × 100 | |
| 36,97,000 + 50,00,000 | |
| 42.5% |
Additional Information
- The Project Profile may be modified/tailored to suit the individual entrepreneurship qualities/capacity, production programme and also to suit the locational characteristics, wherever applicable.
- The Electronics Technology is undergoing rapid strides of change and there is need for regular monitoring of the national and international technology scenario. The unit may, therefore, keep abreast with the new technologies in order to keep them in pace with the developments for global competition.
- Quality today is not only confined to the product or service alone.It also extends to the process and environment in which they are generated. The ISO 9000 defines standards for Quality Management Systems and ISO 14001 defines standards for Environmental Management System for acceptability at international level. The unit may therefore adopt these standards for global competition.
- The margin money recommended is 25% of the working capital requirement at an average. However, the percentage of margin money may vary as per bank's discretion.
Addresses of Machinery and Equipment Suppliers
- M/s. Applied Electronics Ltd.
(Aplab), 4th Floor,
4E/14, Jhandewalan Extension,
New Delhi - 110 055. - M/s. Toshniwal Brothers (Delhi) Pvt. Ltd.
3E/8, Jhandewalan Extension,
New Delhi - 110 055. - M/s. Unitron Limited
I, Industrial Area, N.I.T.
Faridabad - 121 001.
- M/s. Automatic Electric Ltd.
Rectifier House,
570, Naigum Cross Road, Wadala,
P.O. Box. 7103,
Mumbai - 400 031. - M/s. British Physical Laboratories India Limited
304, Ashok Bhawan,
93, Nehru Place,
New Delhi – 110 019. - M/s. Philips
68, Shivaji Marg,
New Delhi. - M/s. Systronics,
202, 1206, Harsha House,
Near Milan Cinema,
Karampura Road,
New Delhi – 110 015. - M/s. Orient Corporation
(For Tools)
423/424, Shah and Nahar Estate
(A-2), Lower Parel (W),
Mumbai – 400 013. - M/s. Noble Electronics
354, Lajpat Rai Market,
Delhi.
Raw Material Suppliers
- M/s. Hindustan Conductors Ltd.
(Solid State Devices),
306 and 307, B.M.C. House,
N-1-Block, Middle Circles,
Connaught Circus,
New Delhi – 110 001. - M/s. Murugappa Electronics Ltd.
Industrial Products Division,
Plot No. 66, Door No. 3,
Thiruvalluvar Salai,
Thiruvanmiter,
Chennai - 600 001. - M/s. Pecco Electronics and
Electricals Limited
68, Shivaji Marg,
New Delhi – 110 015. - M/s. Usha Rectifier Corporation
(India) Limited
Jeevan Tara Building,
Parliament Street,
New Delhi – 110 001. - M/s. Precision Electronics
Components Mfg. Co.
1-3-1-31, Lower Tank,
Bond Road, Kavadiguda,
Hyderabad. - M/s. Keltron,
Keltron Chambers,
18/7, Arya Samaj Road,
Karol Bagh,
New Delhi–110 005 - M/s. Bharat Electronics Ltd.
Jalahalli Post,
Bangalore. - M/s. Semi Conductors
Phase–8, SAS Nagar,
Punjab. - M/s. Electronics Trade and
Technology Development Corpn.
15/48 Malcha Marg,
Chankyapuri,
New Delhi
For further information please contact
Information Manager
TIMEIS Project
E-mail: timeis@ficci.com
