Ayurvedic Medicine Formulations

Introduction

Ayurvedic system of medicine is as old as the Vedic age. Now–a–days people give preference to the Ayurvedic medicines as the allopathic medicines are costlier and have side effects. Ayurvedic medicines are based on plants, animals extract and minerals both in single ingredient drugs and compound formulations, however, Ayurveda does not rule out any substances from being used as a potential source of medicine.

Ayurvedic compound formulations are mainly divided into two groups viz. (1) Kasthausadhi (predominantly plant drugs) and (2). Rasausadhi (predominantly metals and minerals).

There are several categories of Kasthausadhi formulations such as Asavaristra, Avleha, Grafa Churena, Taila etc. and of Rasausadhis such as Bhasma, Pisti, Lauha, Kapibadkva, Rasayana etc.

The Ayurvedic drugs are derived from vegetable sources from the various parts of the plant like root, leaf, flower, fruit extrude or plant as a whole.

There are about 21 varieties of compound formulations in which some of the single drugs of animal origin (52 Nos). Mineral origin (55 Nos.) and plant origin (351 Nos.) are used. There details of the single drugs and other particulars can be had from the Ayurvedic formulary of India, published by Govt. of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Market Potential

There is more recognition for nonallopathic system of medicines in the country now than the past few decades. The concept of alternative system of treatment notably herbal and Ayurvedic medicines therapy is gaining ground and attracting attention worldwide. There is more and more scientific research being conducted in our country for treatment of various diseases by Ayurvedic and herbal therapy. A large number of diseases have Ayurvedic treatment much superior to the other system of medicines and this has been recognized world over.

Thus Ayurvedic medicines/drugs are becoming popular day-by-day and demand for its usage is increasing not only in the country but also worldwide the inherent quality of Ayurvedic treatment of having negligible side/after effects, has made great potential for its production. A large number of medicinal plants, herbs, shrubs etc. are available in our country in the hilly/forest regions. In order to boost the production of Ayurvedic/herbal drugs, Govt. of India has also set up a Board namely Indian system of Medicine and Homeoepathy to encourage production of Ayurvedic medicines specially in the regions where basic raw materials are available in plenty. Thus there is a great potential for Ayurvedic medicines not only in the country but for export purpose also.

Basis and Presumptions

1. The project is based on two shift basis and 300 working days in a year.
2. Cost of a machinery and equipment indicated in the profile refer to a particular make and prices are approximate to those prevailing at the time of preparation of project profile.
3. Depreciation on machinery and equipment has been taken @ 10% of the cost of machinery and equipment.
4. Break-even point has been calculated at the full capacity utilization.
5. The margin money has been taken 25% of the total capital investment.

Implementation Schedule

The following steps are involved in the implementation of the project:

Keeping in view the overlaps of the activities, normally 6 to 8 months are required to implementation project.

Technical Aspects
Process of Manufacture

Ayurvedic medicines are available in the form of powder, tablets, pills, liquid and semi-solid which are classified into the following different categories:

Aristha and Asavsa
Rasa Rasayan
Lauha
Bati
Churna
Avaleha
Ghrita
Parpati
Taila
Goggulu

Method of Preparation

1. Aristha and Asava

Asavas and Aristhas are made by soaking the herbs either in powder form or in the form of decoction (kasaya) in a solution of sugar or jugglery, as the case may be, for a specific period of time, during which it undergoes a process of fermentation generation alcohol and facilitates the extraction of the active ingredients contained in the herbs.

2. Rasa Rasayan

Ayurvedic medicines containing mineral drugs as main ingredients are called Rasa rasayan or Ras-yoga. They are in pill form or in powder form/ forest, minerals such as Anrala, Swarna, Rajata, Tamra etc. and sulphur impurified state are used to convert bhasma form, called kajuali then other drugs are added in small quantities, mixed well and grounded to form fine powder.

3. Lauha

Lauha kalpas are preparation of Loha Bhasma as main ingredient with other drugs. The other active ingredients are made to fine powder and mixed with Loha Bhasma.

4. Vati or Gutika

Medicines prepared in the form of tablets or pills are kown as vati or gutika, these are made of one or more drugs of plant, animal or mineral origin.

5. Churna

Churna is a fine powder form of drugs. All these herbs and other active ingredients are cleaned, dried and powdered together by mechanical means to the fineness of at least 80 mesh.

6. Avaleha Madak Paak

Avaleha or lehya is a semi-solid preparation of drugs. These are prepared by the additon of jagger sugar or sugar dandy and boiled with prescribed drug juices decoction, Honey, if required, is added when the preparation is cold and mixed well.

7. Ghrita

Ghrita are preparations in which ghee is boiled with prescribed Kasayas (Decoction) and kalkas of drugs according to formulation as per Ayurvedic formulary.

8. Parpati

First Kajjali is prepared with purified Mercury and sulphur. Then other drugs as per Ayurvedic Formulae are added and mixed well in grinder. The powder is then heated in iron vessel and melted. This melted material is purified as per Ayurvedic method, cooled and again flakes of medicines are powdered.

9. Taila

Tailas are prepared by boiling prescribed kasyas (decoction ) and kalkas of drugs in oils according to the formula prescribed in Ayurvedic formulary.

10. Goggulu

Ayurvedic medicines prepared by the exudates, and obtained from the plant commiphara mukul, are known as Goggulu. There are five different varieties of Goggulu in Ayurvedic Shastra but usually two varieties, mahiskasa and kanaka are preferred for medicinal preparation.

Exudates in small pieces are taken in a piece of cloth and boiled in gomutara or Dugdha or Triphala kasayua until the exudates pass into the fluid through the cloth to the maximum. The fluid after filtering is boiled till it forms a mass. After drying, the mass is formed into a paste by adding ghee till it becomes waxy.

Quality Control and Standards

At present there is no pharmacopial standard on each of the active ingredients of Ayurvedic medicine like allopathic medicine. For standardization and quality control of Ayurvedic drugs, various steps can be followed like physical description, physical tests, pharmacoginised techniques etc, to ascertain the species of plant and study their pharmacoginostic character for the purpose of identification detection and analyzing the crude drug.

Generally quality of Ayurvedic products is fully dependent on the quality of raw materials and process of manufacture. The quality control process of some Ayurvedic formulations can be contained from ‘Pharmacopica Laboratory of India Medicine, near ALTC, Ghaziabad (U.P)’. The products are to be manufactured as per Indian system of medicines of Ministry of Health.

Production Capacity

Financial Aspects

A. Fixed Capital

(ii) Machinery and Equipments

B. Working Capital (per month)

(i) Staff and Labour

(ii) Raw Materials (per month)

C. Total Capital Investment

Financial Analysis

(4) Rate of Return

(5) Net Profit Ratio

(6) Break-even Point

Addresses of Raw Material and Plant Machinery Suppliers

1. M/s. Modern Mechanical Works
1501, Qsim Jon Street,
Delhi-110006.

2. M/s. Associated Instrument Manufacturers Pvt. Ltd.
26, Asaf Ali Road,
New Delhi-110006.

3. M/s. Amar Engineering works
W-28, Raja Garden,
New Delhi-110027.

4. M/s. Emkay (India) Trading Co.
286, Garhiaya, Jama Masjid,
New Delhi-110006.

5. M/s. Rank and Co.
A-95/3, Wazirpur Industrial Estate,
New Delhi-110052.

6. M/s. Juta Biotech
215, Syndicate House,
3, Old Rohtak Road, Inderlok,
Delhi-110035.

7. M/s. International Machinery Manufacturing Co.
3259, Farhat Ullah Street,
Kucha Pandit,
Lal Kuan,
Delhi-110006

8. M/s. Brintex Sales Corporation
Electrical Division,
55, Tagore Garden,
New Delhi-110027

9. M/s. Harrisons Pharma Machinery (P) Ltd.
4648/21, Shedumal Building,
Darya Ganj,
New Delhi-110002

10. M/s. Techmac Engineering Works
310, Usha Kiran Building,
Commercial Complex,
Azadpur, Delhi-110033.

11. M/s. Bio Products Pvt. Ltd.
221, Patparganj Industrial Area,
Delhi.

12. M/s. Engineers Syndicate
A-2, F.F. Ring Road,
Rajouri Garden,
New Delhi-110027.

13. M/s. Co-operative Drug Factory of
Ranikhet
Ranikhet,
Uttranchal

Material Suppliers

Local Dealer in Herbs,
Medicinal Plants etc.