Chloramphenicol is the specific
drug for control and cure of typhoid and broad-spectrum
bacterial diseases.
Chloramphenicol finds extensive use through tablets
and capsules while chloramphenicol palmitate is
used to formulate syrups. The structural formula
for chloramphenicol-palmitate is represented as:
It lacks the bitter taste of
chloramphenicol. It is hydrolysed in the upper
intestinal tract into the parent drug, however,
it does not share the topical efficiency of the
parent drug. Its toxicity is like that of chloramphenicol.
Chloramphenicol palmitate contains 55.5-59.5%
of chloramphenicol i.e. approx. 174 mg Chloramphenicolpalmitate
is equivalent to 100 mg chloramphenicol. It is
an anti-bacterial drug and for an adult, the equivalent
of 1.5 to 3.0 g of chloramphenicol daily in divided
doses is required, for a child the equivalent
of 25 to 50mg of chloramphenicol per kg. of body
weight daily in divided doses is required.
Market Potential
Chloramphenicol is being produced
both in small scale as well as in organized sector.
At present in India there are a number of units
registered with Secretariat of Industrial Assistance,
Deptt. of Industrial Promotion and Policy, Ministry
of Commerce and Industry, Government of India,
New Delhi. Export of Chloramphenicol has shown
increasing trend in recent years. Looking into
the demand of Chloramphenicol-palmitate and its
export potential, there is a good scope for setting
up units in small scale sector.
Basis and Presumptions
1. The estimates are drawn for
a production capacity generally considered techno
economically viable for a model type of manufacturing
unit.
2. The cost in respect of land
and building, machinery and equipment, raw materials
and the selling prices of the Chloramphenicol
palmitate are those generally obtained at the
time of preparation of the project report and
may vary depending upon other various factors.
3. The wages of the workers
are taken as per the prevailing labour wages laws.
4. The plant, equipment and
machinery required for the manufacture of chloramphenicolpalmitate
is either available or can be fabricated indigenously
based on the designs, drawing and specifications
worked out for the project.
5. Interest rate for fixed and
working capital has been taken at 14%.
6. Scheme is worked out on two
shifts basis of eight hours a day and 300 working
days in a year.
Implementation Schedule
Preparation of Project
report
1 month
Selection of site
2 months
SSI registration
1 month
Finance/loan from bank
or Financial Institution
2 months
Power connection/building
construction
3 months
Machinery procurement
3 months
Trial run
2 weeks
Actual Commercial Production
1 month
Technical
Aspects Process of Manufacture
Chloramphenicol is esterified
by condensing with palmitoyl chloride (CH3 (CH2)14
COCI) in the presence of pyridine. The crude ester
is obtained by pouring the reaction product into
a large excess of diluted Hydrochloric acid and
the whole mass is filtered. It is then washed
with toluene dimethyl formamide. The pure ester
is dried, recrystallised and pulverized before
packing. Chemical equation of the reaction is
as under.
Quality Control and Standards
Chloramphenicol-palmitate is
practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble
in alcohol, soluble in acetone, chloroform and
solvent ether. It is fine white or greyish white
powder, it melts between 870 to 950C. It should
conform to the Standard of Indian Pharmacopoeia.
Production Capacity (per annum)
Installed capacity
:
8 MT
Value
:
92,00,000
Financial Aspects
A. Fixed Capital
(i) Land and Building
Value
(Rs.)
Land 1000 sq mtrs. @ Rs.
3000 per sq.mtr
3000000
Building (Office, Store,
working sheds, Boiler Room, Laboratory etc.)
600 sq. mtrs @ Rs 5000 per sq.mtr
3000000
Bore well
100000
Total
6100000
(ii) Machinery and Equipments
Sl. No.
Equipments
Qty.
Value (Rs.)
1.
Stainless steel reactors
(500 litres capacity) equipped with a reflux
condenser and jacket for steam heating.
2
500000
2.
Air circulated steam heated
coiled tray drier, with vacuum drying system.
1
190000
3.
Demineralised water plant
1
60000
4.
Storage tanks for toluence/
dimethyl-formamide and Hydrochlomic acid
2
230000
5.
Boiler
1
150000
6.
Filteration unit
1
120000
7.
Pulveriser
1
65000
8.
Laboratory equipments
(Spectrophotometer, Thin layer chromatography
Centrifuge, oven and other laboratory glassware
and equipments
300000
Total
1615000
9.
Erection charge @ 10%
of the cost of machinery and equipments
161500
10.
Office furniture and equipments
80000
Pre-operative expenses
40000
Total
1896500
(iii) Total Fixed Capital
(Rs.)
Land & Building
6100000
Plant & Machinery
1896500
Total
7996500
Working Capital (per month)
(i) Personnel
Sl. No.
Designation
No.
Salary
Amount (Rs.)
1.
Chemist/Pharmacist
1
10000
10000
2.
Manager/commercial Assistant
1
9000
9000
3.
Analytical Chemist
1
8000
8000
4.
Sales Representative
2
8000
16000
5
Accountant/ Clerk
2
5000
10000
6
Skilled Workers
4
4000
16000
7.
Semi-skilled Workers
3
3000
9000
8.
Boiler Attendant
1
5000
5000
9.
Watchman and Peon
2
3000
6000
Total
89000
Perquisites @ 22%
19580
Total
108580
(ii) Raw Materials Including
Packaging Requirement (per month)
Particulars
Ind./I/Imp.
Qty. Kg.
Rate (Rs.)
Value (Rs.)
Chloramphenicol
Ind.
405
1500
607500
Palmitoyl Chloride
do
324
140
45360
Chemicals like pyridine
Toluene, dimethyl formamide
do
LS
50000
Packing material
LS
15000
Total
717860
(iii) Utilities (per
month)
(Rs.)
Electricity and fuel
40000
Total
40000
(iv) Other Expenses
(per month)
(Rs.)
Postage and stationery
2000
Telephone
3000
Consumable stores
4000
Repairs and maintenance
3000
Transportation
5000
Advertisement and publicity
5000
Insurance
700
Miscellaneous
5000
Total
27700
B. Working Capital (per month)
1.
Raw Material
717860
2.
Salary and wages
108580
3.
Utilities and other expenses
67700
Total
894140
4.
Working Capital (for 2
Months)
1788280
C. Total Capital Investment
(i)
Working capital for 2
month
1788280
(ii)
Land and Building
6100000
(iii)
Machinery and Equipments
1896500
Total
9784780
Financial Analysis
1.
Cost of Production
(Rs)
(i)
Working capital for 1
year
10729680
(ii)
Depreciation on building
@ 5%
305000
(iii)
Depreciation on machineries
and equipments @ 10%
181650
(iv)
Depreciation on office
furniture and equipments @ 20%
16000
(v)
Interest on total Capital
investment @ 14%
1369869
Total
12602199
2. Sales Turnover (per annum)
Item
Qty.
Rate (Rs)
Value (Rs)
Chloramphenicol-palmitate
8M.T.
1700
13600000
3. Net Profit (per annum)
Profit
=
Sale turnover – Cost of
production
=
997801
4. Net Profit Ratio
Net profit per year ×
100
=
———————————
Sales turnover
=
7.34
5. Rate of Return
Net profit per year ×
100
=
———————————
Capital investment
=
10.2
6. Break-even Point
(i)
Fixed Cost
(Rs.)
(a)
Depreciation on machinery
and equipment
181650
(b)
Insurance
8400
(c)
Depreciation on building
305000
(d)
Interest on total capital
investment
1369869
(e)
40% of other contingent
expenses
321600
(f)
40% of salary and wages
43432
Total
2229951
(ii) B.E.P.
Fixed cost × 100
=
————————
Fixed cost + Profit
=
69.09
Addresses of Machinery and Equipment
Suppliers
1. M/s. Chemical Plant and Equipments
Naroda, GIDC,
Ahmedabad, (Gujarat)
2. M/s. Cadmach Machinery
GIDC, Phase IV, Vatva,
Ahmedabad.
3. M/s.Sethi Engineering Works
27/772, Zorawar Singh Marg,
New Delhi.
4. M/s. Rank and Co.
Wazirpur Industrial Area,
New Delhi-110052.
Addresses Raw Material Suppliers
1. M/s. National Solvent Corporation
Devi Dayal Road,
Muland,
Mumbai.
2. M/s. Excel India Ltd.
184-187 S.V Road,
Jogeshwari,
Mumbai.
3. M/s. Cemet Ltd.
214, Hans Bhawan,
Wing No. 1,
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
New Delhi.
4. M/s. Manish Organic Ltd.
National Chambers,
Ashram Road,
Ahmedabad.
