Technologies in Environment-
Biodegradable Metal Working Fluid (Soluble Cutting
Oil)
Introduction
Metal working fluids are important
to engineering industry. Petroleum lubricating oil has
been established themselves as major constituents of
such lubricants. These are used on machine tool for
the manufacture of engineering goods where the shape
of final object is obtained by progressive removal of
metal. In India nearly 50,000 Kilolitre of metalworking
fluids, produced from mineral oil derived lube base
stocks, are consumed annually.
IIP-Dehradun has developed non-edible
vegetable oil based fully biodegradable metalworking
fluids that offers same or even better performance as
petroleum oil based products. This metalworking fluid
from renewable will be less expensive than petroleum
oils and offers significant benefits to environment
and to end-users.
Composition and process
for biodegradable metalworking fluids for its preparation
based on vegetable oil and a biodegradable emulsifier
to replace mineral oil and petroleum sulfonates. The
vegetable oil based biodegradable metalworking fluid
composition comprising of non-edible vegetable oil,
one emulsifier which is a sodium carboxylate of vegetable
oil, oleate, sulfonate or mixtures thereof, an antioxidant,
a fungicide, an extreme pressure additive, an antirust,
a co-surfactant, a coupling agent and alkali component.
The process comprising of removing of insoluble matter
from the vegetable oil, addition of emulsifier, additives,
coupling agent and co-surfactant, homogenizing the mixture
followed by conditioning of the metal working fluid
concentrate, which can be used as emulsion in water.
Typical characteristics:
Standard - BIS 3065
Soluble oil Specs
IIP lube
K.Viscosity-cst at 100° C
-
5. 30
K.Viscosity-cst at 40° C,
15/30
26. 37
Viscosity Index, min
-
145
Dosage % by vol.
-
20
Evaporation loss at 40° C, % wt
-
0. 06
Flash Point, ° C, min
>100
210
Relative Density 20° C
To be reported
0. 9403
Sap. value, mg/KOH, min
16
17. 5
Copper strip Corrosion, max
3 hours-100° C
<1
<1
Iron chip corrosion, 24 hours
nil
nil
Emulsion stability, 24 hours
Pass
Pass
Reactive sulfur
nil
nil
Ash Sulphate %, max
0.01
0.008
TAN, mg KOH, max
7
0. 055
Deposit- panel cocker, mg, max
-
4
Wear Scar Dia, mm
-
0. 383
Weld load, Kgf
-
140
Friction coefficient, mm
-
0. 065
Biodegradability %
-
>98
Patent: Indian patent application
filed
Benefits
Reduces use of petroleum
Offers better use of non-edible
oils
Reduce break-down period
Produces fewer pollutant waste
Product is almost completely biodegradable
Safe to use
Provides better Lubricity and extends
tool life
No health hazards due to toxic
mist and effluents
Helps in employment generation
and rural upliftment
Reduce environmental problems when
spills (rapid biodegradable & non-toxic)
Safe ( high flash & fire point,
less volatile, food grade & contain no poly-cyclic
aromatics, non-toxic)
Compatible with mineral oil and
its equipment
Excellent lubricity enhancer
Renewable
Single compound, easy to characterise
Reduce dependence on mineral oil
- energy security
Applications
There is a large market of Biodegradable
ecofriendly soluble oil in metalworking industries in
India as well as in abroad also. There exists huge potential
for use as neat oil metalworking.
Comparison of properties of various
soluble cutting oil
SN.
Properties
Conventional
IIP Product
Remarks
Mineral
Veg. Oil
1
Performance tests
Pass
Pass with high lubricity
Better
2
Disposal
Recycle, treatment
Negligible
Better
3
Operator friendly
no
yes
Better
4
Biodegradability %
20-40
94-98
Better
5
Renewable source
No
Yes
Better
Suggested minimum plant capacity:
50 tons per annum
Likely investment: ~ Rs.30 lacs
Product cost: Rs.100/- per
kg
Pay back period: ~ 2 years
The technology has been filed
for Indian patent and is ready for transfer.
Contact for
more information Director
Indian Institute of Petroleum
P.O. IIP, Mohkampur
Dehradun - 248005
Email: director@iip.res.in
Tel: +91 135 2660205
Fax: +91 135 2660098 / 2660202
